Structure and genome

 
Filoviruses are, as their name suggests, viral particles of filamentous appearance. They belong to the order Mononegavirales, comprising the virus non-segmented single stranded RNA of negative polarity. Initially classified as rhabdoviruses, filoviruses now form a separate family and would actually closer paramyxovirus18, which include including mumps and measles.
Transmission electron microscopy of a virus Ebola19.

The Ebola virus may be linear or branched, from 0.8 to 1 long but up to 14 microns by concatamerization μm20 (a long particle formation by concatenating shorter particles), with a constant diameter of 80 nm. It has a helical nucleocapsid of 20-30 nm in diameter and consists of nucleoprotein NP VP30 itself wrapped in a helical array of 40 to 50 nm in diameter and composed of VP40 and VP24 protein comprising transverse grooves 5 ​​nm21 . This assembly is, in turn, surrounded by a lipid membrane in which glycoproteins are stuck GP.

It has a genome of 19 kilobases22 having a characteristic organization of filovirus23. This genome encodes nine functional proteins in seven of the genes expressed suivante24 way:
Genome of Ebola virus in Zaire patient zero, 197,625.26 Gene Position
viral RNA Region translated protein expressed in Size
amino acid
5 '
untranslated 1-55 Not translated
NP 56-3 026 470-2689 nucleoprotein capsid
viral genetic material residues 739
VP35 3032-4407 3129-4151 cofactor of the viral polymerase,
antagonist of type I interferons 340 residues
VP40 4390-5894 4479-5459 major matrix protein of 326 residues
GP 5900-8305 6039-7133 secreted glycoprotein (GSP) 364 residues
6039-6923
inserting an A
6923-8068 transmembrane glycoprotein
viral envelope (GP) 676 residues
6039-6923
A two insertion
6923-6933 Small secreted glycoprotein (SSGP) 298 residues
VP30 8288-9740 8509-9375 minor nucleoprotein,
polymerase complexed with 288 residues
VP24 9885-11518 10345-11100 matrix protein associated with the viral envelope,
inhibits the innate intracellular immune response,
makes it insensitive to infected cells
interferons type I and II27. 251 residues
The 11501-18282 11581-18219 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
residues characteristic of MONONEGAVIRUSES 2212
3 '
untranslated 18283-18959 Not translated
Genomes of viruses such Ebolavirus Size Virus RNA
genomic GC-content ref.
Ebola 18.96 kb 41.1% [2]
Sudan 18.88 kb 41.3% [3]
Reston 18.89 kb 40.6% [4]
Tai Forest 18.93 kb 42.3% [5]
Bundibugyo 18.94 kb 42.0% [6]

Genetic variations between different viruses of the genus Ebolavirus can be illustrated by comparing the size of different genomes and their respective rates of GC (see table against the right).

By comparison, among other filovirus, Marburg virus, the genus Marburgvirus, has a genome of 19.11 kb long with a GC-content of 38.8%, while the 28 Lloviu viruses, the genus Cuevavirus, has a long genome 18.93 kb GC with a rate of 29 to 46.0%.
replication