Ebola outbreak 2013-2014

This epidemic began in December 2013, is sometimes referred to as "atypical" because not maîtrisée76. In July 2014, it evolved alarmingly in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. On 20 August 2014, 844 deaths were officially confirmed as due to virus77. An outbreak was reported in the district and has Boende éteinte78 (isolated from the Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo region). Another outbreak (with the first cases reported in March 2014, unrelated to the other epidemic) has expanded in West Africa, becoming, according to WHO, in a few months the largest "and most complex since the virus was discovered in 1976. It has produced more cases and deaths than all previous outbreaks met. The outbreak also has the particularity of having spread from one country to another, starting from the Guinea to reach the Sierra Leone and Liberia (crossing land borders), Nigeria (via a only air traveler) 78. "

Gene sequencing of the virus (2014WA) of this epidemic in West Africa showed 98% homology with Zaire Ebola virus. The case fatality rate was 55% in touchés79 country. According to available data, the transmission in the incubation period is very unlikely except by direct contact with blood, secretions, and / or other body fluids of infected people died or vivantes79. The WHO said that the incubation period is up to 21 days and the sperm and breast milk may be virus vector and "sperm can continue to transmit the virus up to seven weeks after clinique78 healing."

Management of pandemic risk is globally under the auspices of OMS80. In early October 2014, a study based on updated modeling almost réel81 time of pandemic risk related to air traffic, including first results were published in PLOS82 draws attention to the risk of introduction of the virus in Europe and France. If the air traffic remained normal, there would be 75% chance that France is affected within twenty days, but according to Alessandro Vespignani, of Northeastern University in Boston, with the 80% reduction in air transport from affected countries, the risk drops to 20% 83. Simon Cauchemez, Institut Pasteur recalled an imported case is not sufficient to define an outbreak (it can be detected, isolated, and eventually healed without infection) 83.

According to WHO it is necessary for each new case, "implementing a set of interventions: management of cases, supervision [for 21 days] and contact tracing, laboratory quality, safe burials and mobilization social. The community involvement is essential to control outbreaks. Awareness of risk factors for infection with Ebola virus and possible protective measures is an effective way to reduce transmission among homme78. "

October 6, 2014, Ebola has officially killed 3439 people (7478 patients reported in West Africa, according to OMS84).

That day, the first case of patient who contracted the virus outside Africa is reported: This is a Spanish 44, a nurse's aide in the Carlos III Madrid hospital where two Spanish Catholic missionaries died Ebola (Manuel Garcia Viejo Sierra and Miguel Pajares) after being infected returnees in Sierra Leone and in Spain. She had gone on leave after the death of brother Garcia Viejo September 25 and experienced the first symptoms on September 30 and urged to undergo testing for Ebola virus, while his mouth was still very important. She was placed in quarantine and transferred to the Carlos III hospital.

On 8 October 2014, Eric Thomas Duncan, the first patient was diagnosed to have Ebola outside of Africa, died in Dallas where he was hospitalized at the age of 42 years.85.

On October 15, the President of the United States, Barack Obama, warns of the spread of the Ebola virus and cancels most of his travels to concentrate on prevention against the virus86. According to UNICEF, to date, this epidemic is the deadliest and most widely spread ever documentée8